Which term refers to substances that are intentionally designed and engineered at the nanoscale?

The term that specifically refers to substances that are intentionally designed and engineered at the nanoscale is nanostructures. Nanostructures encompass materials and devices that have well-defined characteristics and functions arising from their nanoscale dimensions, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. These engineered structures can possess unique physical and chemical properties that differ significantly from their larger-scale counterparts.

Nanostructures are critical in various fields, including medicine, electronics, and energy, as they can be tailored for specific applications, enhancing performance and functionality. This intentional engineering at such a small scale allows for innovative approaches in developing new materials and technologies.

While the other terms relate to nanoscale materials and practices, they encompass broader concepts. Nanoformulations often refer to specific mixtures or formulations that include nanoscale ingredients. Nanoscale materials could imply any materials at that size, regardless of their engineering intent, and nanoproducts typically denote commercial products that utilize nanotechnology without specifying their engineered nature.