Which of the following best describes the properties of nanomaterials?

The properties of nanomaterials are best described as small in size and typically exhibiting unique properties. Nanomaterials generally have dimensions in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers, which grants them distinct physical and chemical characteristics that are often different from bulk materials. For instance, at the nanoscale, materials can show enhanced strength, lighter weight, increased reactivity, or improved electrical and thermal conductivities due to their large surface area relative to their volume and the quantum effects that dominate their behavior.

Many applications take advantage of these unique properties, making nanomaterials valuable in fields such as medicine, electronics, and environmental science. The other options suggest characteristics that do not align with the defining attributes of nanomaterials; for example, describing them as large and heavy misrepresents their scale, while stating they are fragile overlooks their potential strength and durability at the nanoscale. Lastly, while some nanomaterials can be costly, many are becoming more practical and accessible due to advancements in fabrication techniques and research.