What term describes the process of containing one substance within another?

The process of containing one substance within another is best described by the term "encapsulate." Encapsulation involves surrounding or enclosing a core substance within a coating or shell. This method is frequently used in various fields, such as pharmaceuticals, food technology, and nanotechnology, to protect the active ingredients, control their release, or enhance their stability.

While other terms may seem related, they each convey different nuances. For example, "incorporate" typically means to mix or combine substances rather than containing one within another. "Engulf" implies a more aggressive or complete absorption that does not necessarily involve a boundary or protective layer. "Enclose" refers to surrounding something but doesn’t imply the concept of protection or controlled release that encapsulation incorporates. Thus, encapsulate clearly captures the essence of this specific process.