What is the name of the carbon nanostructure that forms a net one atom thick?

The correct response is graphene, which is defined as a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. This extraordinary material is just one atom thick but possesses remarkable strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal properties. It is often used in various applications, from electronics to materials science, due to its unique characteristics.

In contrast, fullerene refers to a molecular form of carbon that can exist as a spherical, tubular, or ellipsoidal structure, such as C60 (buckyballs). Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical structures composed of rolled graphene sheets and have distinct properties, including high tensile strength and excellent conductivity, but are not one atom thick on their own. A single carbon atom is the basic building block of all carbon structures but does not represent a nanostructure itself. Thus, the identification of graphene accurately reflects the question's criteria regarding a one-atom-thick carbon nanostructure.