What is significant about the high surface area-to-volume ratio in nanoparticles?

The high surface area-to-volume ratio in nanoparticles significantly enhances their chemical reactivity. This increased reactivity arises because a larger surface area relative to volume means that a greater proportion of the material's atoms or molecules are exposed and available for interaction with other substances. This exposure facilitates a higher rate of chemical reactions, as more reactive sites are available compared to bulk materials, where the surface area is much smaller relative to the volume. This property is crucial in various applications, including catalysis, drug delivery, and sensor technology, where enhanced reactivity can lead to better performance and efficiency in chemical processes and interactions.