What are graphene structures shaped like spheres and known for their stability called?

Graphene structures shaped like spheres and notable for their stability are referred to as buckyballs. Buckyballs are a specific type of fullerene, which are molecules composed entirely of carbon, forming a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. They are characterized by their unique arrangement of carbon atoms in a spherical shape resembling a geodesic dome, and their stability arises from the strong carbon-carbon bonds present in their structure.

While fullerenes encompass a broader category of carbon molecules including various shapes, the term "buckyball" specifically describes the spherical form of fullerene consisting of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a pattern reminiscent of a soccer ball. This distinction is essential in nanotechnology, as buckyballs exhibit intriguing physical and chemical properties, making them of significant interest in various applications, including materials science and drug delivery systems.

The other terms listed, such as graphene spheres and nanodots, do not accurately describe this specific form of spherical graphene structure; thus, understanding the correct terminology in the context of nanotechnology is key to grasping the properties and applications of these materials.